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Related Concept Videos

Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
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Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

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On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...

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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Cervicogenic headaches: a critical review.

S Haldeman1, S Dagenais

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA 92868, USA. HaldemanMD@aol.com

The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society
|November 1, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Cervicogenic headaches (CGH) originate from the cervical spine and are linked to neck tenderness. While controversial, treatments like cervical manipulation show promise for managing this chronic headache condition.

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • The link between cervical spine disorders and headaches is increasingly recognized by clinicians.
  • However, this connection is often overlooked in spinal literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and summarize existing literature on cervicogenic headaches (CGH).
  • Key areas covered include historical context, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Medline, CINAHL, and Mantis databases.
  • The search utilized terms "cervicogenic" and "headache," yielding 212 citations for review.

Main Results:

  • Cervicogenic headaches (CGH) are defined by pain originating in the neck/occipital region with cervical paraspinal tenderness.
  • Prevalence ranges from 0.4% to 2.5% in the general population, affecting a mean age of 42.9 years, predominantly females (4:1 ratio).
  • Pathogenesis involves cervical spine pathology converging on the trigeminal nerve's spinal nucleus; differential diagnosis includes tension-type and migraine headaches.

Conclusions:

  • Considerable controversy and confusion persist regarding cervicogenic headaches (CGH).
  • Growing interest suggests future research will clarify CGH theory, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Clinicians should maintain a critical and open approach to CGH literature.