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Related Experiment Videos

Clock drawing as an assessment tool for dementia.

D J Libon1, R A Swenson, E J Barnoski

  • 1Neuropsychology Program, Drexel University and the Department of Clinical Psychology, Philadelphia Geriatric Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Clock drawing tests help distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other dementias. A novel copy condition improved diagnostic accuracy, particularly for cerebrovascular dementia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Cognitive Assessment

Background:

  • Clock drawing is a valuable tool for differentiating Alzheimer's disease (AD) from normal cognition.
  • Existing clock drawing methods have limitations in distinguishing between different types of dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a modified clock drawing procedure, including a copy condition, for differentiating dementia subtypes.
  • To assess the correlation between clock drawing performance and executive/visuospatial functions.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed clock drawing tasks under both command and copy conditions, setting hands to 'ten after eleven'.
  • Performance was correlated with executive and visuospatial functioning tests.
  • Comparison of performance between Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular dementia, and non-demented controls.

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Main Results:

  • Both clock drawing conditions correlated with executive and visuospatial abilities.
  • Non-demented individuals outperformed all demented groups in both conditions.
  • In the command condition, Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular dementia groups showed no significant difference.
  • In the copy condition, cerebrovascular dementia patients performed significantly worse than Alzheimer's patients.

Conclusions:

  • The addition of a copy condition enhances the diagnostic utility of clock drawing tests.
  • A lack of improvement in the copy condition compared to the command condition may indicate vascular dementia.
  • Clock drawing, especially with a copy condition, shows promise as a screening tool for differentiating dementia types.