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Updated: Jul 30, 2026
Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
Published on: April 23, 2014
Development and initial validation of an Arabic version of the Expanded Trail Making Test: implications for
D E Stanczak1, E M Stanczak, A W Awadalla
1Wilford Hall Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, TX 73236, USA. daniel.stanczak@59mdw.whmc.af.mil
Abstract:
The performances of Sudanese subjects, both normal and brain damaged, on an Arabic version of the Expanded Trail Making Test were compared to those of normal and brain-damaged subjects from the United States, who completed the standard English version of this test. Preliminary psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Expanded Trail Making Test were defined. Significant intergroup differences in performance were observed. Interestingly, the performances of Sudanese normals were found to be similar to those of U.S. brain-damaged subjects. The results are discussed in terms of reducing neuropsychological diagnostic errors attributable to ethnocultural factors.
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