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Related Experiment Videos

Aging and word-finding: a comparison of spontaneous and constrained naming tests.

M Schmitter-Edgecombe1, M Vesneski, D W Jones

  • 1Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA. scmitter-e@wsu.edu

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
|November 1, 2003
PubMed
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Older adults made more word-finding errors in spontaneous speech but performed better on picture naming. This highlights the importance of age-neutral test items for accurate word-finding assessments.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Word-finding difficulties can impact communication, particularly in aging populations.
  • Assessing word-finding abilities across different age groups requires careful consideration of testing methodologies.
  • The Boston Naming Test and spontaneous discourse tasks offer different insights into lexical retrieval.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare word-finding abilities in young adults, young-old adults, and old-old adults.
  • To evaluate the performance differences between confrontational naming and spontaneous discourse tests in aging.
  • To identify potential biases in naming tests related to generational familiarity.

Main Methods:

  • Compared word-finding in 26 young adults (18-22), 26 young-old adults (58-74), and 26 old-old adults (75-93).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized the Boston Naming Test (confrontational naming) and a picture-based spontaneous discourse test.
  • Matched participants on gender and estimated IQ (M=114).

    • Main Results:

    • Older adult groups exhibited significantly more word-retrieval errors during spontaneous discourse compared to younger adults.
    • Older adult groups unexpectedly showed higher naming accuracy on the picture-naming test.
    • Analysis indicated potential generational familiarity bias in four picture-naming items.

    Conclusions:

    • Spontaneous discourse tests may offer a more sensitive measure of everyday word-finding difficulties in healthy older adults.
    • Careful selection of cohort-free items is crucial for picture-naming tests when comparing across diverse age groups.
    • Age-related differences in word retrieval may manifest differently depending on the cognitive demands of the task.