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Hypnosis, attention, and time cognition.

Richard M Kurtz¹, Michael J Strube

¹Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA. rmkurtz@artsci.wustl.edu

The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

|November 5, 2003

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Hypnosis reduces time perception accuracy, causing people to underestimate time intervals. This effect occurs regardless of hypnotic susceptibility, suggesting attention is key in hypnosis and time estimation.

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Hypnosis Research
Time Perception

Background:

Time perception is influenced by cognitive and attentional factors.
Hypnosis is theorized to interact with attentional resources, potentially affecting temporal judgments.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how hypnotic condition and attentional demands affect time interval estimations.
To examine the role of hypnotic susceptibility in time perception.
To test predictions from the trait-state and sociocognitive models of hypnosis.

Main Methods:

510 undergraduates estimated 30- and 60-second intervals under hypnotic and non-hypnotic conditions.
Participants were assessed for hypnotic susceptibility.
Time estimations were made using prospective (aware of timing) and retrospective (unaware of timing) paradigms.

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Main Results:

Prospective time judgments were consistently greater than retrospective judgments.
The hypnotic context led to time underestimation, irrespective of individual hypnotic susceptibility.
Longer time intervals (60s) were underestimated more than shorter intervals (30s).

Conclusions:

Hypnosis, by consuming attentional resources, impairs time estimation accuracy.
Hypnotic susceptibility does not appear to be a significant factor in this time underestimation effect.
Findings offer partial support for the sociocognitive model of hypnosis regarding attentional resource allocation.