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Related Experiment Videos

Mutational bias affects protein evolution in flowering plants.

Huai-chun Wang1, Gregory A C Singer, Donal A Hickey

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|November 5, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Plant gene evolution differs between rice and Arabidopsis. Rice genes with higher guanine-cytosine (G+C) content show predictable amino acid changes, indicating nucleotide composition drives protein evolution, not the other way around.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Evolution
  • Comparative Genomics

Background:

  • Plant genomes exhibit variations in nucleotide composition.
  • Homologous genes in rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis thaliana show differing G+C content.
  • Understanding these differences is key to deciphering gene evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare amino acid sequences of homologous genes in rice and Arabidopsis.
  • To investigate the relationship between nucleotide composition bias and protein evolution.
  • To explore the mechanisms driving biased sequence evolution in plant genomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of thousands of homologous gene pairs from rice and Arabidopsis.
  • Assessment of G+C content variation in rice genes compared to Arabidopsis homologs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of amino acid substitution patterns and nucleotide site evolution.

    • Main Results:

    • Rice genes with higher G+C content exhibited predictable changes in encoded amino acid composition.
    • Amino acid exchange matrices were asymmetric between high G+C rice genes and Arabidopsis homologs.
    • Synonymous nucleotide site substitutions showed greater asymmetry than protein evolution.
    • A negative correlation was observed between nucleotide bias and coding sequence length in rice.

    Conclusions:

    • Changes in nucleotide composition (G+C content) drive biased protein evolution in rice, rather than vice versa.
    • The observed patterns suggest nucleotide bias precedes and influences protein sequence divergence.
    • Gene length may play a significant role in the mechanisms underlying nucleotide bias and sequence evolution in rice.