Clinical agreement among glaucoma experts in the detection of glaucomatous changes of the optic disk using simultaneous stereoscopic photographs
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 30, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
Published on: May 25, 2020
Augusto Azuara-Blanco1, L Jay Katz, George L Spaeth
1Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. aazblanco@aol.com
Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical agreement in the detection of optic disk changes in patients with glaucoma using simultaneous stereophotographs.
Design:
Masked-observer variability study.
Methods:
Ten glaucoma specialists examined pairs of simultaneous stereophotographs of glaucomatous and control optic disks to determine whether there were changes compatible with progression of glaucomatous damage.
Results:
Intraobserver agreement had a kappa value ranging from 0.55 to 0.78. Interobserver agreement among the glaucoma specialists had a kappa value ranging from 0.34 to 0.68.
Conclusions:
Clinical examination of stereophotographs to detect optic disk changes in glaucoma patients has limitations associated with suboptimal reproducibility.