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Related Experiment Videos

Normal and pathological reading: converging data from lesion and imaging studies.

Cathy J Price1, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Kim S Graham

  • 1Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College, London, WC1N 3BG, UK. cprice@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk

Neuroimage
|November 5, 2003
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates reading models in dyslexia using neuroimaging. Findings reveal how brain lesions impact reading, suggesting specific areas for orthography-phonology translation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Existing cognitive and anatomical models of reading are based on dyslexia studies and functional neuroimaging of healthy individuals.
  • Discrepancies in findings from these studies can be addressed by examining patients with acquired dyslexia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural underpinnings of reading in acquired dyslexia through functional neuroimaging.
  • To refine models of reading by examining how brain lesions affect the translation of orthography to phonology.

Main Methods:

  • Functional neuroimaging (fMRI) was used to study two patients with acquired dyslexia.
  • One patient had a left temporoparietal lesion; the second had anterior temporal lobe atrophy with semantic dementia.
  • Reading tasks were designed to probe semantic and phonological processing.

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Main Results:

  • The patient with a temporoparietal lesion showed preserved activation in normal reading areas except the damaged left superior temporal lobe, reading only semantically associated words.
  • The patient with semantic dementia showed increased activation in a left sensorimotor area (phonological processing) and decreased activation in semantic areas when reading words.
  • Specific brain regions were implicated in the semantic mediation of orthography-to-phonology translation.

Conclusions:

  • The anterior left midfusiform gyrus is proposed to mediate semantically the translation of orthography to phonology.
  • Compromised semantic processing shifts reliance to posterior left midfusiform and left frontal phonological areas.
  • Further research on inter-regional connectivity during reading is warranted.