HBV DNA level and antigen concentration in evaluating liver damage of patients with chronic hepatitis B

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Virology
• Clinical Biochemistry

Background:

• Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a significant global health concern.
• Monitoring viral load and serological markers is crucial for CHB management.
• Understanding the relationship between HBV DNA and viral antigens aids in assessing disease activity and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the correlations between hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels and viral antigen concentrations (HBeAg, HBsAg) in CHB patients.
• To evaluate the clinical significance of these correlations in patient management.
• To assess the relationship between HBV DNA levels and liver function parameters like ALT and AST.

Main Methods:

• Quantitative HBV DNA levels and serological markers (HBeAg, HBsAg) were measured in 118 CHB patients and 87 liver cirrhosis patients not receiving antiviral therapy.
• Liver function parameters, including ALT and AST, were also determined.
• Statistical analysis was performed to assess correlations and significance.

Main Results:

• HBV DNA levels were significantly higher in HBeAg-positive patients compared to HBeAg-negative patients (P<0.0001).
• Weak correlations were observed between HBV DNA levels and HBeAg (r=0.273) and HBsAg (r=-0.12) concentrations.
• Patients with high HBV DNA showed significantly slower recovery of hepatic function, indicated by reduced ALT/AST reduction, although HBV DNA did not correlate with ALT levels.

Conclusions:

• Significant, albeit weak, correlations exist between HBV DNA levels and HBeAg concentration in CHB patients.
• HBV DNA levels are not significantly related to ALT levels but can influence the recovery of liver function.
• These findings highlight the importance of considering HBV DNA levels beyond simple antigen correlation for predicting liver function recovery in CHB.