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Separation of Sister Chromatids

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...

Anaphase Promoting Complex

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...

Separation of Sister Chromatids

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...

Anaphase Promoting Complex

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

Separase regulates INCENP-Aurora B anaphase spindle function through Cdc14.

Gislene Pereira¹, Elmar Schiebel

¹The Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 8, 2003

Summary

The phosphatase Cdc14 dephosphorylates Sli15, directing the INCENP-Aurora complex to spindle microtubules during mitosis. This regulation by Cdc14 is crucial for chromosome segregation and cell division.

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

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Mass Spectrometry Analysis to Identify Ubiquitylation of EYFP-tagged CENP-A (EYFP-CENP-A)

Mass Spectrometry Analysis to Identify Ubiquitylation of EYFP-tagged CENP-A (EYFP-CENP-A)

Published on: June 10, 2020

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Inner centromere-like protein (INCENP) forms a complex with Aurora B kinases.
The INCENP-Aurora complex is vital for chromosome segregation, spindle function, and cytokinesis during mitosis.
The mechanism triggering the INCENP-Aurora complex's shift from kinetochores to spindle microtubules in anaphase remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the phosphatase Cdc14 in regulating the yeast INCENP-Aurora complex (Sli15-Ipl1).
To determine how Cdc14 influences the localization and function of the Sli15-Ipl1 complex during mitosis.

Main Methods:

Investigated the interaction between Cdc14, Sli15, and Ipl1 in yeast.
Analyzed the dephosphorylation of Sli15 by Cdc14.
Studied the relocalization of the Sli15-Ipl1 complex upon Cdc14 activation.

Main Results:

Cdc14 dephosphorylates Sli15, a component of the yeast INCENP-Aurora complex.
Dephosphorylation by Cdc14 directs the Sli15-Ipl1 complex to spindle microtubules.
Separase-mediated activation of Cdc14 is sufficient to trigger Sli15 dephosphorylation and relocalization.
Cdc14 modulates spindle midzone assembly via the Sli15-Ipl1 complex.

Conclusions:

Cdc14 plays a critical role in regulating the INCENP-Aurora complex localization during mitosis.
Cdc14-mediated dephosphorylation is a key event for directing the complex to spindle microtubules.
Cdc14's function extends beyond mitotic exit to include spindle midzone assembly regulation.