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Fishy-looking liars: deception judgment from expectancy violation.

C F Bond1, A Omar, U Pitre

  • 1Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth 76129.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|December 11, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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People perceive deception when nonverbal behaviors violate expectations. This study tested an expectancy-violation model across cultures, finding that unusual nonverbal cues reliably signal deception.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Nonverbal Communication
  • Deception Detection

Background:

  • Understanding how individuals detect deception is crucial in social psychology.
  • Previous research highlights the role of nonverbal cues in communication.
  • Normative expectations for behavior provide a baseline for detecting deviations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and test an expectancy-violation model of deception detection.
  • To investigate whether nonverbal behaviors violating normative expectations are perceived as deceptive.
  • To examine the cross-cultural generalizability of deception detection based on nonverbal cues.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted, with two in the United States and one in India.
  • Participants described acquaintances while exhibiting unusual nonverbal behaviors (e.g., staring, head tilting).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Observers (students and illiterates) watched videotapes and made judgments about whether deception occurred.

    • Main Results:

    • Both American and Indian participants inferred deception from the "weird" nonverbal behaviors.
    • The findings provide empirical support for the proposed expectancy-violation model.
    • Deviations from expected nonverbal behavior were consistently interpreted as indicators of deception.

    Conclusions:

    • The expectancy-violation model effectively explains how nonverbal behavior influences deception judgments.
    • Perceptions of deception are linked to deviations from established behavioral norms.
    • The model's validity is supported across different cultural contexts and educational backgrounds.