[ACE inhibitors and/or sartans in heart failure: is there a difference?]

The recent years have witnessed tremendous advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (CHF), leading to significant improvement in therapy. Recognition of the deleterious effects of angiotensin II is an major therapeutic target. By blocking the transformation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) improve symptoms, exercise tolerance and survival at all stages of CHF. Angiotensin II-receptors blockers (ARB) have several theoretical advantages over ACEI, including a better tolerance profile, that may lead to a more favourable effect. In CHF with systolic dysfunction, randomised-controlled trials comparing losartan to captopril (ELITE 1 and ELITE 2) or valsartan versus placebo on top of conventional therapy (Val-HeFT) failed to demonstrate a superiority of ARB's compared to ACEI in terms of mortality. However, ARB's appeared better tolerated in this indication. The treatment of CHF with preserved systolic function remains unclear and may be defined in a near future by two studies addressing the role of on candesartan (CHARM study) or irbesartan (I-Preserve study) in this form of CHF. ACEI and beta-blockers remain on first line for treating CHF due to systolic dysfunction. Losartan or valsartan can be considered as an alternative if ACEI are not tolerated or contraindicated.