Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions

Anatomical Positions

In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Complex strain injury involving an intercostal hematoma in a professional baseball player.

Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine·2008

Same author

Pharmacist and physician collaboration in the patient's home.

The Annals of pharmacotherapy·2004

Same author

Challenges facing family practice and primary care.

JAMA·2003

Same author

Plasmacytoma of the cricoid cartilage with airway mass effect.

ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties·2002

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2026

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

Published on: May 11, 2020

The pediatric spine: anatomical and dynamic considerations preceding manipulation.

Michael L O'Neal¹

¹Department of Family Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla., USA.

Comprehensive Therapy

|November 11, 2003

Summary

Spinal manipulation can cause subtle growth plate fractures in children. These injuries are often missed due to their hidden nature, suggesting under-diagnosis in pediatric cases.

More Related Videos

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Published on: October 17, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 28, 2026

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

Published on: May 11, 2020

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Published on: October 17, 2025

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Pediatric medicine
Chiropractic research

Background:

Spinal manipulation is a common treatment for various conditions.
While generally safe, potential complications exist, particularly in pediatric patients.
Growth plate injuries are a concern in pediatric musculoskeletal trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the under-recognized risk of subtle growth plate fractures in children undergoing spinal manipulation.
To emphasize the importance of considering these occult injuries in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

Review of pediatric cases involving spinal manipulation.
Analysis of injury patterns consistent with growth plate trauma.
Discussion of diagnostic challenges associated with subtle fractures.

Main Results:

High-velocity spinal manipulation techniques may lead to subtle growth plate fractures in children.
The occult nature of these fractures contributes to under-appreciation and under-diagnosis.
Radiographic and clinical findings may be nonspecific, complicating diagnosis.

Conclusions:

Pediatric spinal manipulation carries a risk of subtle growth plate fractures.
Increased clinical awareness and diagnostic vigilance are necessary to identify these injuries.
Further research is warranted to fully understand the incidence and management of these complications.