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Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Transfer of Manipulated Tumor-associated Neutrophils into Tumor-Bearing Mice to Study their Angiogenic Potential In Vivo
08:19

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Published on: July 20, 2019

Mouse glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor ligand is costimulatory for T cells

Masahide Tone1, Yukiko Tone, Elizabeth Adams

  • 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. masahide.tone@path.ox.ac.uk

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 11, 2003
PubMed

Recently, agonist antibodies to glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 18) have been shown to neutralize the suppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. It was anticipated that this would be the role of the physiological ligand. We have identified and expressed the gene for mouse GITR ligand and have confirmed that its interaction with GITR reverses suppression by CD4+CD25+ T cells. It also, however, provides a costimulatory signal for the antigen-driven proliferation of naïve T cells and polarized T helper 1 and T helper 2 clones. RT-PCR and mAb staining revealed mouse GITR ligand expression in dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. Expression was controlled by the transcription factor NF-1 and potentially by alternative splicing of mRNA destabilization sequences.

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