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Ceramic processing of incinerator bottom ash.

C R Cheeseman1, S Monteiro da Rocha, C Sollars

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Environmental Control and Waste Management, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2BU, UK. c.cheeseman@ic.ac.uk

Waste Management (New York, N.Y.)
|November 15, 2003
PubMed
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Recycling incinerator bottom ash into durable ceramic materials effectively immobilizes heavy metals. This process reduces leaching and enhances material properties, offering a sustainable waste management solution.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Waste Management

Background:

  • Incinerator bottom ash (IBA) is a byproduct of waste incineration.
  • Valorization of IBA into ceramic materials is an area of interest for sustainable waste management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and process the <8 mm fraction of aged IBA into ceramic materials.
  • To assess the mineralogy, physical properties, and leaching behavior of the resulting ceramics.

Main Methods:

  • Collection and sieving of aged IBA.
  • Wet ball milling, drying, and compaction of ash.
  • Sintering of compacted ash at temperatures between 1080 and 1115 °C.
  • Characterization of chemical composition, mineralogy, physical properties, and leaching.

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Main Results:

  • Milling resulted in consistent chemical and mineralogical composition with quartz, calcite, gehlenite, and hematite as major phases.
  • Sintering at 1110 °C produced ceramics with densities of 2.43–2.64 g/cm³ and major crystalline phases of wollastonite and diopside.
  • Sintered ceramics showed reduced acid neutralization capacity and significantly decreased leaching of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, and Al.

Conclusions:

  • Processing aged IBA into ceramics is a viable method for waste valorization.
  • The resulting ceramic materials exhibit improved stability and reduced environmental risk due to minimized heavy metal leaching.
  • This approach offers a sustainable pathway for managing incinerator bottom ash.