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Energy adjustment methods applied to alcohol analyses.

Ditte Johansen1, Per K Andersen, Kim Overvad

  • 1Danish Epidemiology Science Centre at the Institute of Preventive Medicine, DK-1399 Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. djo@niph.dk

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)
|November 15, 2003
PubMed
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Analyzing alcohol

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular disease research

Background:

  • Associations between alcohol type and health outcomes are complicated by total alcohol intake.
  • Ethanol's effect is difficult to separate from specific beverage types (beer, wine, spirits).
  • Nutritional epidemiology uses methods like energy partition, standard, density, and residual for similar intake issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of energy adjustment methods in alcohol consumption analyses.
  • To examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Copenhagen City Heart Study.
  • Applied and compared four energy adjustment methods: energy partition, standard, density, and residual.
  • Analyzed associations between alcohol type, total intake, and coronary heart disease.

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Main Results:

  • Standard and energy partition methods produced similar results for alcohol variables.
  • Density method results differed but were broadly concordant.
  • Beer and wine consumption were associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease compared to non-drinkers, often at one drink per week.

Conclusions:

  • Standard and energy partition methods are useful for analyzing alcohol's impact on health outcomes.
  • The density method is less relevant for alcohol analyses where ethanol's effect dominates.
  • Moderate consumption of beer and wine may reduce coronary heart disease risk.