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Related Experiment Videos

Hepatitis C virus in sickle cell disease.

Mohamed Hassan1, Syed Hasan, Samuel Giday

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.

Journal of the National Medical Association
|November 19, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies were found in 35.3% of sickle cell disease patients, with prevalence linked to blood transfusion history. Screening blood donors for HCV has reduced infection rates in this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients often require frequent blood transfusions.
  • Transfusion-transmitted infections, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), pose a significant risk.
  • Understanding HCV prevalence in SCD is crucial for managing long-term complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV) in patients with sickle cell disease.
  • To investigate the association between anti-HCV and transfusion history.
  • To assess the impact of iron overload and liver enzyme levels in HCV-positive SCD patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 150 sickle cell disease patients (1983-2001) were screened for anti-HCV.
  • Clinical data, including transfusion history and risk factors, were reviewed.

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  • Serum samples were tested for anti-HCV using ELISA, with analysis of liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin) and ferritin levels.

    • Main Results:

    • The overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 35.3% (53/150 patients).
    • Patients receiving more than 10 units of packed red blood cells had a significantly higher anti-HCV prevalence (51%) compared to those receiving less (23%).
    • HCV-positive patients exhibited elevated liver enzymes and a higher incidence of iron overload, correlating with transfusion volume and disease severity.

    Conclusions:

    • HCV antibody prevalence and iron overload in sickle cell disease patients are directly related to the number of blood transfusions received.
    • Implementation of HCV screening for blood donors has led to a significant decrease in new HCV infections.
    • Chronic HCV infection and iron overload in SCD patients increase the risk of substantial liver disease, necessitating vigilant monitoring and management.