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Does batch operation enhance oxidation in subsurface constructed wetlands?

O R Stein1, P B Hook, J A Biederman

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. ottos@ce.montana.edu

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|November 19, 2003
PubMed
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Wetland plant species significantly impact wastewater treatment performance in batch systems, especially during winter. However, these differences diminish in continuous-flow systems, suggesting operational mode is key for consistent water quality.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Wastewater Treatment Technologies
  • Ecological Engineering

Background:

  • Sub-surface flow constructed wetlands are effective for wastewater treatment.
  • Understanding the influence of operational modes (batch vs. continuous flow) and plant species on wetland performance is crucial for optimizing treatment efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly compare the performance of batch and continuous-flow sub-surface flow systems.
  • To investigate the effects of different plant species (Typha latifolia, Scirpus acutus) and seasons on water quality parameters under varying operational modes.

Main Methods:

  • Two experimental sub-surface flow systems (batch columns and continuous-flow cells) were operated in parallel.
  • Systems treated synthetic domestic wastewater for two years, followed by synthetic mine-impacted water for one year.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Replicates included planted (Typha latifolia, Scirpus acutus) and unplanted controls, with annual temperature cycling (4-24°C).

    • Main Results:

    • In batch systems, plant species significantly affected oxidation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, particularly in winter. These differences were minimal in summer.
    • COD removal, sulfate concentration, and redox potentials correlated strongly in batch systems, linked to seasonal plant growth and respiration affecting root-zone oxygenation.
    • In continuous-flow systems, plant species and seasonal variations had minimal impact on treatment performance for COD, nutrients, and sulfate reduction.

    Conclusions:

    • Operational mode (batch vs. continuous flow) is a critical factor influencing the role of plant species in sub-surface flow wetland performance.
    • Batch operation highlights seasonal plant influences on root-zone oxygenation and treatment efficiency, while continuous flow minimizes these effects.
    • Findings suggest that continuous-flow systems offer more consistent performance regardless of plant species or seasonal changes compared to batch systems.