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Temporal lobe, autism, and macrocephaly.

Erin D Bigler1, David F Tate, E Shannon Neeley

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|November 20, 2003
PubMed
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Autism studies require controlling for head size. This research found no significant temporal lobe volume differences in autistic individuals when head size was accounted for, suggesting functional rather than structural anomalies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Autism Research

Background:

  • Macrocephaly is prevalent in autism, necessitating head size control in temporal lobe volumetric studies.
  • Previous research has not consistently controlled for head size in autism and temporal lobe investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively examine temporal lobe structures in autistic individuals (normocephalic and macrocephalic) compared to controls.
  • To investigate the role of head size (total intracranial volume) in temporal lobe volumetric findings in autism.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic Resonance (MR) morphometrics were used to analyze temporal lobe structures in male subjects aged 7-31 years.
  • Total brain volume and total intracranial volume (TICV) were calculated using ANALYZE segmentation.

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  • Autism diagnosis was based on standardized interviews and criteria; control groups included normocephalic, macrocephalic, and reading disorder subjects.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant volumetric abnormalities of the temporal lobe were detected in autistic subjects after controlling for total intracranial volume (TICV).
    • Robust white and gray matter growth patterns were observed in both autistic and control groups with minimal differences.
    • Subtle, non-statistically significant differences were noted in white matter volume in the temporal stem and overall temporal lobe.

    Conclusions:

    • Major temporal lobe volumetric anomalies are not characteristic of autism when factors like IQ, TICV, and age are controlled.
    • Potential temporal lobe abnormalities in autism are more likely related to functional organization than gross volumetric differences.