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Apical root resorption after lingual orthodontic therapy.

Ulrike Fritz1, Peter Diedrich, Dirk Wiechmann

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Summary

Fixed lingual appliance orthodontic therapy typically causes minor apical root resorption, averaging 3.7%. Individual patient predisposition, not treatment mechanics, appears to be the primary risk factor for significant root shortening.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry and Orthodontics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Apical root resorption is a known complication of orthodontic treatment.
  • Fixed lingual appliances offer a less visible alternative to traditional braces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence and severity of apical root resorption in patients treated with fixed lingual appliances.
  • To assess the relationship between root resorption and the extent/direction of apical tooth movement.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms from 40 patients (33 female, 7 male) before and after lingual orthodontic treatment.
  • Assessment of root length changes and apical movements in 456 incisors and canines.

Main Results:

  • Mean root resorption was 3.7%, with upper incisors showing slightly higher rates (<=10%).
  • Only 18% of teeth exhibited pronounced resorption (>10%); 82% were resorption-free.
  • No significant correlation found between resorption extent and patient age, gender, treatment duration, or movement parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Lingual orthodontic therapy is associated with minimal apical root resorption.
  • Individual patient susceptibility is the likely main risk factor for pronounced root shortening.