Performance of the neonatal pig heart subjected to oxygen insufficiency

Isolated, paced, isovolumically beating, neonatal pig (n = 32) hearts underwent retrograde aortic perfusion with a solution containing insulin (100 microU/ml), glucose (5.5 mM), and palmitate (0.55 mM). Glycolysis, lactate release, glucose oxidation, palmitate oxidation, and oxygen consumption were assessed. The hearts were perfused during three periods: (1) baseline, pO(2) approximately 500 mm Hg, heart rate 150 bpm; (2) hypoxia, pO(2) approximately 60-80 mm Hg, heart rate 150 bpm, or tachycardia, pO(2) approximately 500 mm Hg, heart rate 300 bpm, and (3) recovery, return to baseline conditions. For hypoxia and tachycardia, the oxygen supply-demand ratio was comparable ( approximately 1 nmol O(2)/mm Hg/g(dry)). During baseline, the left ventricular peak systolic pressure (PSP) averaged 126 +/- 6 mm Hg, the end-diastolic pressure (EDP) 5 mm Hg, and the relaxation time constant (Tau) 34 +/- 2 ms; the coronary flow was 36 +/- 2 ml/min/g(dry). During hypoxia, the PSP decreased to 70 +/- 2 mm Hg, while EDP, Tau, and coronary flow increased to 26 +/- 2 mm Hg, 104 +/- 14 ms, and 70 +/- 2 ml/min/g(dry), respectively; palmitate oxidation and oxygen consumption decreased well below baseline. During tachycardia, the PSP decreased to 88 +/- 1 mm Hg, and the EDP increased to 11 +/- 1 mm Hg, while Tau and coronary flow did not change significantly; palmitate oxidation and oxygen consumption increased above baseline. For both stressors, the predicted lactate release underestimated the measured values by a factor of approximately 2, but were comparable during baseline and recovery. Upon recovery, PSP returned to approximately 80% of baseline, while EDP remained elevated, for both stressors. Glucose oxidation returned to baseline, but palmitate oxidation became accelerated. We conclude for neonatal pig hearts subjected to oxygen insufficiency: (1) that PSP decreases and (2) that EDP and Tau increase with hypoxia, whereas EDP increases, while Tau remains unchanged with tachycardia. Following both stressors, palmitate oxidation becomes enhanced and dissociated from mechanical activity.