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Related Concept Videos

Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

MoMLV reverse transcriptase regulates its own expression.

Christina Bradley1, Robert Craigie

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA

Cell
|November 26, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A precise ratio of retroviral Gag and Gag-Pol proteins is essential for creating infectious virions. This study reveals that Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) reverse transcriptase binds a protein called eRF1, enhancing Gag-Pol production.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Retroviral virion assembly requires a specific ratio of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins.
  • The precise mechanisms regulating Gag-Pol expression levels remain incompletely understood.

Discussion:

  • Orlova et al. demonstrate a novel interaction between Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) reverse transcriptase and the translation release factor eRF1.
  • This interaction is shown to mediate translation readthrough, a key process for generating Gag-Pol from the Gag-Pol precursor mRNA.

Key Insights:

  • The binding of MoMLV reverse transcriptase to eRF1 facilitates the production of Gag-Pol, thereby influencing the Gag:Gag-Pol ratio.
  • This molecular mechanism provides new insights into the regulation of retroviral polyprotein synthesis and virion maturation.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into this interaction could reveal new therapeutic targets for retroviral infections.
  • Understanding this mechanism may offer insights into other viral systems that utilize programmed ribosomal frameshifting or readthrough for protein expression.