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[Chickenpox during pregnancy].

V Mirlesse1, P Lebon

  • 1Centre de diagnostique prénatal et de médecine foetale, institut de puériculture, Paris, France. mirlesse.v@free.fr

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie
|December 4, 2003
PubMed
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Varicella (chickenpox) in pregnancy is rare but can cause severe maternal respiratory issues. Fetal risks include congenital varicella syndrome, with peripartum infection posing the highest threat to newborns.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Varicella (chickenpox) is infrequent in pregnant populations due to widespread immunity.
  • Maternal varicella infection can lead to serious complications, including life-threatening respiratory distress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the maternal and fetal implications of varicella infection during pregnancy.
  • To outline the risks associated with gestational varicella and peripartum transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on varicella infection in pregnant women.
  • Analysis of transmission rates and clinical outcomes for both mother and fetus.
  • Examination of congenital varicella syndrome manifestations and neonatal varicella risks.

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Main Results:

  • Transplacental transmission before 24 weeks gestation occurs in ~6% of cases, with one-third of affected fetuses showing anomalies like growth retardation and microcephaly.
  • Neonatal varicella, particularly from peripartum infection (25% transmission risk), can be severe and life-threatening, especially in premature infants.
  • Zoster (shingles) during pregnancy does not pose a risk of fetal infection.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing varicella in pregnancy to mitigate maternal and neonatal complications.
  • Understanding transmission dynamics is key to preventing severe outcomes from gestational varicella.
  • While congenital varicella syndrome is a concern, neonatal varicella poses a more immediate life-threatening risk.