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Exploring the link between character, personality disorder, and neuropsychological function.

A H Bergvall1, T Nilsson, S Hansen

  • 1Departments of Psychiatry (National Board of Forensic Medicine), and Psychology, Göteborg University, Box 500, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.

European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
|December 4, 2003
PubMed
Summary

This study found that incarcerated offenders with personality disorders exhibit deficits in attentional set-shifting, a cognitive function. Lower self-directedness and cooperativeness in personality traits are linked to poorer performance in this executive function.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Personality disorders and cognitive executive function deficits are prevalent in forensic populations.
  • Understanding the relationship between personality traits and cognitive functioning is crucial for this group.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the links between personality deviations and cognitive executive function in incarcerated offenders.
  • To explore specific associations between personality dimensions and neuropsychological performance.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).
  • Evaluated cognitive executive function (visual working memory, attentional set-shifting, planning) with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB).

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  • Compared offenders with personality disorders to controls (offenders without personality disorder, non-criminal controls).

    • Main Results:

    • Offenders with personality disorders showed higher harm avoidance and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness.
    • No significant differences were found in visual working memory or planning tasks.
    • Personality disordered offenders made more errors on the attentional set-shifting task.
    • Dimensional analysis revealed associations between self-directedness/cooperativeness and attentional set-shifting.

    Conclusions:

    • Deficits in attentional set-shifting are associated with personality disorders in incarcerated offenders.
    • Poor development of personality traits like self-directedness and cooperativeness may correlate with neuropsychological deficits.
    • Findings suggest a link between personality development and executive function in forensic populations.