International conferences on environmental mutagens in human populations-opportunities, accomplishments and

William W Au1, Wagida Anwar, Radim J Sram

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 2.102 Ewing Hall, 700 Harborside Drive, Galveston, TX 77555-1110, USA. william.au@utmb.edu

Mutation Research
|December 4, 2003
PubMed

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Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

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In vitro Mutagenesis02:29

In vitro Mutagenesis

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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Mismatch Repair01:48

Mismatch Repair

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Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
Mutations02:27

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously during DNA replication or be induced by environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in several ways: by whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, by the scale of the DNA affected, and by whether they affect somatic or germline cells.Consequences of Point Mutations at the Molecular LevelMutations that affect a single nucleotide are called point mutations. When point mutations...