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Related Experiment Videos

A second insulin gene in fish genomes.

David M Irwin1

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5G 1L5. david.irwin@utoronto.ca

General and Comparative Endocrinology
|December 4, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Gene duplication in vertebrate evolution created two insulin genes in fish, complicating their use as models for human diseases. These fish insulin genes may have distinct functions from human insulin.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Comparative biology

Background:

  • Gene duplication is a key driver of vertebrate evolution.
  • Teleost fish are valuable models for human biology research.
  • A fish-specific genome duplication event has implications for comparative genomics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of genome duplication on insulin gene evolution in teleost fish.
  • To identify potential functional divergence between duplicated insulin genes in fish.
  • To assess the suitability of fish as models for human diseases involving insulin.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics analysis of zebrafish and fugu genomes.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of insulin gene sequences.

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  • Identification and characterization of gene homologues.

    • Main Results:

    • Zebrafish and fugu genomes contain two insulin genes each.
    • Phylogenetic analysis suggests these genes arose from the fish-specific genome duplication.
    • The presence of two insulin genes implies potential functional differentiation.

    Conclusions:

    • The fish-specific genome duplication has resulted in duplicated insulin genes in teleost fish.
    • These duplicated genes may possess distinct functions, diverging from a single ancestral human insulin gene.
    • The complexity of fish insulin gene complements necessitates careful consideration when using fish as models for human diseases.