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Shared polymorphism between gorilla and human major histocompatibility complex DRB loci.

H Kupfermann1, W E Mayer, C O'hUigin

  • 1Department of Immunogenetics, Max-Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany.

Human Immunology
|August 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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The study reveals that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) DRB gene lineages in gorillas are ancient, predating species divergence. These findings highlight the transspecies evolution of MHC polymorphism in primates.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Immunogenetics
  • Primate genomics

Background:

  • The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) exhibits high polymorphism and nucleotide diversity in functional genes.
  • MHC alleles are often classified into distinct lineages shared across species, suggesting ancient origins predating speciation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To sequence and analyze the polymorphic regions of gorilla MHC-DRB genes.
  • To investigate the evolutionary history and origins of MHC-DRB allelic lineages in gorillas and their relationship to other primates.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of the most polymorphic regions of 25 gorilla MHC-DRB genes from six individuals.
  • Identification and classification of novel and known MHC-DRB alleles and lineages.
  • Comparative analysis of gorilla MHC-DRB lineages with those found in humans and other primates.

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Main Results:

  • Fifteen new gorilla MHC-DRB alleles were identified across four DRB loci, with heterozygosity observed in all individuals.
  • Thirteen of the identified alleles belonged to previously known lineages, while two represented novel lineages.
  • All major human DRB allelic lineages are shared with apes, originating before the human-gorilla-chimpanzee divergence (>6 million years ago).

Conclusions:

  • Major DRB allelic lineages in primates likely originated before the divergence of apes and Old World monkeys, suggesting ancient transspecies evolution.
  • The divergence of major DRB1 lineages occurred shortly after gene duplication events in hominoids, over 30 million years ago.
  • Mechanisms generating polymorphism in gorilla DRB genes include point mutations, DNA replication slippage, and recombination, supporting transspecies evolution of haplotype polymorphism.