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Related Experiment Videos

Thyroid hormone-induced gene expression changes in the developing frog limb.

L Buckbinder1, D D Brown

  • 1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, Maryland 21210.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|December 25, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone triggers over 120 gene up-regulations in Xenopus laevis limb buds during metamorphosis. These genes are linked to cell growth, with some responding directly and others indirectly to the hormone.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis involves significant physiological changes.
  • Thyroid hormone is a key regulator of amphibian metamorphosis.
  • Limb bud development is a critical process during Xenopus metamorphosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize genes up-regulated in Xenopus laevis limb buds during early metamorphosis.
  • To understand the temporal patterns of gene expression in response to thyroid hormone.
  • To investigate the relationship between gene regulation and limb bud growth.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression analysis in Xenopus laevis limb buds.
  • Isolation and characterization of specific up-regulated genes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Hormone induction and cycloheximide treatment to study gene regulation kinetics.

    • Main Results:

    • Over 120 genes were up-regulated in limb buds within 24 hours of thyroid hormone induction.
    • Fourteen genes were isolated, including four encoding heat shock proteins.
    • Identified genes are associated with cell growth, with evidence of both direct and secondary hormone responses.
    • Two distinct periods of gene expression changes were observed within the first 24 hours.
    • DNA replication increased in the second 24-hour period, preceding terminal differentiation gene up-regulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid hormone initiates complex gene expression programs in Xenopus limb buds during metamorphosis.
    • Limb bud growth is preceded by a wave of cell growth-related gene expression.
    • The findings suggest a multi-phased gene regulatory mechanism involving both direct and secondary hormone responses.