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Related Experiment Videos

Correction of inverted nipple: an alternative method using two triangular areolar dermal flaps.

Dae Young Kim1, Eui Cheol Jeong, Su Rak Eo

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea. kimdy@chonnam.ac.kr

Annals of Plastic Surgery
|December 4, 2003
PubMed
Summary

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This study presents a new surgical technique for correcting inverted nipples using triangular areolar dermal flaps. The simple, reliable method resulted in minimal scarring and no recurrence, with high patient satisfaction.

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Nipple Reconstruction

Background:

  • Inverted nipples cause functional and cosmetic issues, impacting nursing and psychological well-being.
  • Congenital or acquired inverted nipples are classified by severity, with various surgical solutions proposed.
  • Existing methods for inverted nipple correction have limitations, necessitating simpler, effective alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel surgical technique for correcting inverted nipples.
  • To assess the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of the new triangular areolar dermal flap method.
  • To determine the long-term recurrence rates and complication profile of the described procedure.

Main Methods:

  • A simple surgical method using two triangular areolar dermal flaps was employed.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Flaps were designed slightly shorter than the nipple diameter and inserted into the lactiferous duct bundle for grade 2 inversions.
  • Eleven patients (16 nipples) with congenital inverted nipples (grades 2 and 3) were treated between August 2000 and December 2001.

    • Main Results:

    • No recurrence of nipple inversion was observed during an average follow-up of 8.7 months.
    • The procedure demonstrated no complications such as infection, hematoma, sensory disturbance, or nipple necrosis.
    • All patients reported high satisfaction with the minimal scarring and aesthetic outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • The triangular areolar dermal flap technique is a reliable and simple method for inverted nipple correction.
    • This procedure preserves lactiferous ducts in grade 2 inverted nipples, requires minimal postoperative care, and yields excellent cosmetic results.
    • The technique is applicable to all types of inverted nipples as a primary surgical intervention.