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[Idiopathic hypercalciuria: presentation of 471 cases]
M G Penido1, J S Diniz, M L Moreira
1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Jornal De Pediatria
|December 4, 2003
Summary
Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in children and adolescents often presents with hematuria and abdominal pain. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent kidney stones and other complications.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Urology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is a common metabolic abnormality in children.
- Understanding the clinical presentation and evolution of IH is essential for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the clinical history and evolution of pediatric and adolescent patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.
- To identify peculiar features and risk factors associated with IH in this population.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 471 patients with IH was followed in an outpatient clinic.
- Diagnostic protocols included imaging (X-ray, ultrasonography), laboratory tests (urinary ionogram, blood gas, biochemical analyses, 24-hour urine collection for electrolytes and creatinine), urinalysis, and microscopy.
Main Results:
- The majority of patients were school-aged children (55%) and adolescents (24%), with a male predominance (56%).
- Common clinical findings included hematuria (47%), abdominal pain (47%), isolated hematuria (31%), and isolated abdominal pain (14%).
- Hypercalciuria was associated with urolithiasis in 56% of patients, and comorbidities like hyperuricosuria (18.5%) and hypocitraturia (8.5%) were noted. Poor evolution occurred in 33% of patients.
Conclusions:
- Idiopathic hypercalciuria requires timely diagnosis and management to mitigate consequences like hematuria, abdominal pain, and nephrolithiasis.
- Symptoms such as urinary urgency, incontinence, suprapubic pain, and nocturnal enuresis may be linked to renal calcium hyperexcretion in IH patients.