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[Medical errors in hospitalized patients].

Manoel de Carvalho1, Alan A Vieira

  • 1Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, Universidade Federal Fluminense, RJ. manoel@perinatal.com.br

Jornal De Pediatria
|December 4, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Medical errors, including medication errors in infants and children, are more common than previously thought, contributing significantly to patient harm and mortality. Improving healthcare systems is crucial for preventing these errors and enhancing patient safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare quality and patient safety research.
  • Clinical risk management and medical error analysis.
  • Pediatric and neonatal intensive care medicine.

Context:

  • Medical errors are a significant concern in hospitalized patients, with a notable impact on neonatal and pediatric populations.
  • The incidence of medical errors is higher than previously estimated, leading to substantial patient morbidity and mortality.
  • High-complexity environments like neonatal intensive care units experience frequent medical errors.

Purpose:

  • To review the literature on medical errors in hospitalized patients, focusing on incidence, contributing factors, and prevention.
  • To specifically address medication errors and adverse drug events in newborn infants and pediatric patients.
  • To analyze the impact of environmental, psychological, and physiological factors on medical error occurrence.

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Summary:

  • Medical errors affect approximately one million patients annually in the USA, ranking as the fourth leading cause of death.
  • In neonatal intensive care units, 15% of admissions are followed by medical errors, often occurring during night shifts.
  • Factors contributing to errors include incorrect drug administration (35%), prescription interpretation errors (26%), and healthcare professional fatigue.

Impact:

  • Medical errors underscore the need for systemic improvements in healthcare delivery to enhance patient safety.
  • Recognizing errors as opportunities for change can lead to restructured systems and improved quality of care.
  • Addressing factors like fatigue and environmental stressors is vital for reducing medical errors in critical care settings.