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Human periapical granulation tissue contains osteogenic cells.
Hidefumi Maeda1, Naohisa Wada, Hiroyoshi Nakamuta
1Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, 812-8582 Fukuoka, Japan. hide@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Cell and Tissue Research
|December 3, 2003
Summary
Fibroblastic cells from human periapical granulation tissue can form calcified matrix in vitro. These cells may contribute to bone healing after root canal treatment, suggesting osteogenic potential in periapical lesions.
Area of Science:
- Endodontics
- Oral Biology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Periapical bone defects from inflammation can be treated by endodontic therapy.
- The mechanism of bone healing in periapical lesions post-root canal treatment remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the osteogenic potential of fibroblastic cells from human periapical granulation tissue in vitro.
- To determine if these cells can produce calcified matrix.
Main Methods:
- Human fibroblastic cells (HFC) were isolated from periapical lesions.
- HFC were cultured with or without beta-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid.
- Gene expression (Runx2, Osx, Opn, Ocn) and alkaline phosphatase activity were analyzed.
- Calcification was assessed using von Kossa staining.
Main Results:
- HFC expressed runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) mRNA and protein weakly initially.
- Culture with beta-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid significantly stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of Runx2, osterix (Osx), and osteopontin (Opn) mRNA.
- HFC formed calcified deposits and expressed osteocalcin (Ocn) mRNA after 4 weeks of culture.
Conclusions:
- Inflamed periapical granulation tissue contains cells with osteogenic potential.
- These cells can differentiate into mature osteoblastic or cementoblastic cells in vitro.
- Such cells may play a role in osseous healing following endodontic therapy.