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Inflammation

Inflammation

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Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

A Murine Closed-chest Model of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion

A Murine Closed-chest Model of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion

Published on: July 17, 2012

Ischaemia-reperfusion is an event triggered by immune complexes and complement.

R K Chan¹, S I Ibrahim, N Verna

¹Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. hhechtman@partners.org

The British Journal of Surgery

|December 4, 2003

Summary

Reperfusion injury, a clinical challenge, may be driven by immune responses rather than free radicals. New evidence highlights complement activation and immune complexes as key mediators.

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Visualization of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Mesenteric Venules After Mesenteric Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Intravital Microscopy

Visualization of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Mesenteric Venules After Mesenteric Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Intravital Microscopy

Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Immunology
Pathophysiology
Medical Science

Background:

Reperfusion injury presents a significant clinical challenge with limited therapeutic options.
Previous research focusing on oxygen free radicals and neutrophils has yielded no successful clinical treatments.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of reperfusion injury is crucial for developing effective therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent clinical and preclinical findings on mitigating reperfusion injury.
To identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies for managing reperfusion injury.
To synthesize current evidence on the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of MEDLINE database (1966-2003).
Inclusion of studies without language restrictions.
Analysis of both clinical and preclinical data on reperfusion injury.

Main Results:

Emerging evidence implicates the complement system and immune complexes in reperfusion injury.
Ischemia may induce cellular changes, leading to neoantigen expression.
Natural IgM antibodies can be trapped, initiating complement activation.

Conclusions:

Complement activation and immune complexes are critical in mediating reperfusion injury.
Formation of the membrane attack complex and mast cell degranulation are key terminal events.
This understanding offers new avenues for therapeutic intervention in reperfusion injury.