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Updated: Jul 15, 2026
14:05
Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
Published on: January 23, 2017
Communication options for children with hearing loss
Judith S Gravel1, Jessica O'Gara
1School of Health Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 425 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA. judith.gravel@hunter.cuny.edu
Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews
|December 4, 2003
Summary
This study reviews communication options for deaf and hard-of-hearing children, emphasizing early language development. It guides families in choosing methods, supporting fluency for children and their families.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Audiology
- Developmental Psychology
- Linguistics
Background:
- Families of infants and young children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing face early decisions on communication methods.
- The current early identification and intervention system may pressure families before they are fully informed or ready.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine available communication options for deaf and hard-of-hearing infants and young children.
- To stress the importance of language development irrespective of the chosen communication mode.
- To review research on early language acquisition and outcomes for various communication methods.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on communication strategies for hearing-impaired children.
- Analysis of factors influencing family decisions on communication modalities.
- Consideration of communication options along a spoken-to-visual language continuum.
Main Results:
- Research on early language acquisition for deaf and hard-of-hearing children is presented.
- Outcomes for specific communication methods are discussed, drawing from studies on older children.
- Factors influencing family choices are identified within the context of current literature.
Conclusions:
- Families require support in making informed decisions about communication methods for their children.
- An ongoing evaluative process that respects family choices is advocated.
- Flexibility in communication mode selection throughout childhood is encouraged to ensure language proficiency.
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