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Related Experiment Videos

Identifying body fluid distribution by measuring electrical impedance.

M R Scheltinga¹, D O Jacobs, T D Kimbrough

¹Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.

The Journal of Trauma

|November 1, 1992

Summary

Critical illness alters body water distribution, increasing extracellular water (ECW) in patients. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) effectively predicts total body water (TBW) and fluid changes in critical illness.

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Area of Science:

Physiology
Medical Technology
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Critical illness significantly impacts fluid balance and body composition.
Extracellular water (ECW) and total body water (TBW) are key indicators of hydration status.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of critical illness on ECW and TBW.
To evaluate the utility of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in assessing fluid distribution in critically ill patients.

Main Methods:

Utilized a multiple dilutional technique and whole-body/regional BIA.
Compared measurements in stable critically ill patients with healthy controls.

Main Results:

Patients showed significantly increased ECW compared to controls.

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Diminished electrical reactance (Xc) values correlated with expanded ECW.

The Xc/R ratio, particularly across the leg, effectively predicted health and disease states.

Conclusions:

BIA is a noninvasive, bedside tool for predicting TBW.
BIA can identify altered fluid distribution in critical illness.
The Xc/R ratio is a sensitive indicator of fluid status in critical illness.