Biofluid aspects of embryo transfer.

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Biomedical Engineering
• Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

• Embryo transfer (ET) is a critical step in in vitro fertilization (IVF), aiming for successful pregnancy.
• Despite high fertilization rates, overall IVF success remains low (<25%), primarily due to implantation failure.
• Mechanical factors during ET are suspected contributors to implantation failure.

Purpose of the Study:

• To computationally model the embryo transfer process within the uterine cavity.
• To investigate the influence of injection speed and uterine dynamics on embryo transport.
• To identify mechanical factors in ET that may impact implantation success.

Main Methods:

• Development of a 2D computational model simulating ET via a fluid-filled catheter in oscillating uterine walls.
• Analysis of fluid dynamics and embryo transport under varying injection speeds.
• Evaluation of uterine peristalsis effects on embryo dispersion.

Main Results:

• Embryo injection speed is the dominant factor controlling transport velocity within the uterine cavity.
• High injection speeds increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
• Uterine peristalsis influences transverse dispersion only at low injection speeds.
• Catheter presence does not alter flow patterns downstream of its tip.

Conclusions:

• Injection speed during embryo transfer is a critical parameter influencing IVF success.
• Optimizing ET procedures may mitigate risks such as ectopic pregnancy and improve implantation rates.
• Further research into mechanical factors of ET is warranted to enhance reproductive outcomes.