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Related Experiment Videos

The positivity proportion effect: a list context effect in masked affective priming.

Karl Christoph Klauer1, Jan Mierke, Jochen Musch

  • 1Psychologisches Institut, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany. christoph.klauer@uni-bonn.de

Memory & Cognition
|December 4, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Affective priming effects occur when prime words influence decisions about target words. This study found larger effects when primes matched the less frequent target word valence, suggesting an attentional bias.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Affective priming effects demonstrate how emotional valence influences information processing.
  • In evaluative decision tasks, participants categorize words as positive or negative.
  • Previous research indicates that prime words can significantly impact these categorizations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of prime valence and target valence proportion on affective priming effects.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms, such as attentional bias, driving these effects.
  • To differentiate the affective priming effect from other potential explanations like response bias or stimulus repetition.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed an evaluative decision task involving positive and negative target words.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Prime words, presented with sandwich masking, preceded the target words.
  • The proportion of positive to negative target words was systematically manipulated across experiments.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant interaction was observed between prime valence and target valence proportion.
    • Priming effects were larger when the prime word's valence matched the less frequent target word valence.
    • Subsequent experiments ruled out response bias, peripheral locus, and stimulus repetition as explanations for this interaction.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings support an attentional bias account, where individuals allocate more attention to the less frequent valence category.
    • This attentional bias modulates affective priming effects in evaluative decision tasks.
    • The study highlights the dynamic interplay between stimulus frequency and emotional processing.