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Related Experiment Videos

The SARS-CoV S glycoprotein: expression and functional characterization.

Xiaodong Xiao1, Samitabh Chakraborti, Anthony S Dimitrov

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biology, CCR, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|December 4, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers characterized the SARS-CoV S glycoprotein, finding its receptor-binding domain is between amino acids 303-537. This confirms ACE2 as a functional receptor, aiding vaccine development.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • The SARS-CoV S glycoprotein mediates viral entry into host cells.
  • Understanding the S glycoprotein's structure and function is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clone, express, and characterize the SARS-CoV (Tor2 isolate) S glycoprotein and its fragments.
  • To identify the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S glycoprotein.
  • To confirm the role of ACE2 as the functional receptor for SARS-CoV.

Main Methods:

  • Cloning and expression of full-length and soluble fragments of the SARS-CoV S glycoprotein.
  • Cell-based fusion assays to assess glycoprotein functionality and membrane fusion activity.
  • SDS-PAGE analysis to determine protein size and post-translational modifications.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Binding assays using Vero E6 cells and purified ACE2 to map the RBD.

    • Main Results:

    • The recombinant S glycoprotein is functional and mediates cell fusion at neutral pH, independent of other viral proteins.
    • The S glycoprotein undergoes post-translational modifications, resulting in an apparent molecular weight of 180-200 kDa.
    • Fragments containing amino acid residues 272-537 specifically bound to Vero E6 cells and ACE2.
    • The receptor-binding domain was localized to amino acid residues 303-537 of the S glycoprotein.

    Conclusions:

    • The SARS-CoV S glycoprotein binds to ACE2, confirming ACE2 as a functional receptor.
    • The receptor-binding domain is located between amino acid residues 303 and 537.
    • These findings provide insights into SARS-CoV entry mechanisms and aid in the development of vaccines and entry inhibitors.