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Basic and clinical aspects of copper.

Edward D Harris1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, USA. eharris@tamu.edu

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
|December 5, 2003
PubMed
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Copper (Cu) is vital for cellular processes but imbalances cause disease. This review covers Cu transport, metabolism, and homeostasis, crucial for understanding its role in health and diseases like Wilson and Menkes.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • The evolution of an oxygen-rich atmosphere necessitated biological mechanisms to manage reactive oxygen species.
  • Copper (Cu) emerged as a critical redox cofactor in numerous oxygen-utilizing biological processes.
  • Disruptions in Cu homeostasis are linked to severe human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of copper transport, metabolism, and homeostasis.
  • To highlight the critical role of copper in biological systems.
  • To inform readers unfamiliar with copper's importance in health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on copper biology.
  • It integrates historical and current research findings.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Focuses on copper's role as a redox cofactor and in cellular metabolism.

    • Main Results:

    • Copper is essential for numerous biological functions, acting as a co-catalyst in oxygen utilization.
    • Both insufficient and excessive copper intake are pathogenic.
    • Genetic defects in copper-transporting ATPases cause Wilson and Menkes diseases.
    • Copper's role is implicated in neurodegenerative conditions like amyloid and prion diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • Copper homeostasis is fundamental for preventing disease.
    • Understanding copper metabolism is crucial for addressing various pathologies.
    • This review serves as an accessible introduction to copper's significance.