Evidence for a specific pattern of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in bivalves

The occurrence of the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) was studied in four different bivalve species (mussels, oysters, carpetshells, and cupped oysters) collected in three different sampling stations at the Spanish Coast from 1994 onward. The analysis revealed an unexpected isomer distribution of chlorosubstituted dioxins and furans characterized by a complex mixture of TCDF and TCDD, including both toxic and nontoxic isomers and highly chlorinated congeners, mainly OCDD. Principal component analysis revealed similarities between identical species collected from the different sites. A dioxin fingerprint could be easily distinguished between bivalve species collected in the same sampling point. The dioxin fingerprint found in filter-feeders was also compared to other marine species showing remarkable differences. Due to the habits of the bivalve species, sediment samples were also analyzed within this study. No similarities in the pattern were found for both matrices, the sediments and the bivalves. In the absence of a potential source of these toxicants affecting these species the hypothesis of a specific metabolism of the bivalves is suggested. No values higher than 4 pg WHO-TEQ/g whole weight were determined, and all samples met the current limit proposed by European Regulations. Independently of the bivalve species considered, the major contribution to the total WHO-TEQ comes from 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, at about the same levels of the 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 1,2,3,7,8-PCDD.