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Related Experiment Videos

Compression-induced changes on physical structures and calcification of the aromatic polyether polyurethane

Z G Tang1, S H Teoh, W McFarlane

  • 1Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore. tangzg@liverpool.ac.uk

Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition
|December 10, 2003
PubMed
Summary

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Heat compaction of polyurethane composites significantly enhances stress-induced calcification in heart valves. This method creates structural changes that trap calcium ions, doubling calcification compared to non-compacted samples.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Cardiovascular Engineering

Background:

  • Stress is known to induce calcification in prosthetic heart valves.
  • Previous models using simple stretching were insufficient to study stress-induced calcification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate heat compaction as a method to induce and model stress-induced calcification in polyurethane composites.
  • To evaluate the physical and chemical changes in polyurethane composites after heat compaction and their effect on calcification.

Main Methods:

  • Polyurethane specimens were solution cast onto polyethylene films and heat compacted (18 MPa, 1.5 h).
  • Calcification was assessed using a 28-day in vitro model.
  • Physical and microstructural changes were analyzed using Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform-Infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy.

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Main Results:

  • Heat-compacted polyurethane composites showed double the calcification compared to non-compacted samples.
  • Heat-compacted samples exhibited increased affinity for calcium ions.
  • ATR-FT-IR revealed polymer distortions and permanent microstructural changes, including polyether moiety relaxation, acting as calcium traps.

Conclusions:

  • Heat compaction is an effective method to induce significant calcification in polyurethane composites.
  • Induced structural changes, such as polymer distortions and microstructural alterations, enhance calcium ion binding and nucleation, promoting calcification.