Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 29, 2026
A Macrophage-Tumor Spheroid Co-Invasion Assay
Published on: January 24, 2025
Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF): isoelectric focusing pattern and tumoricidal activity
Saharuddin Bin Mohamad1, Hideko Nagasawa, Hideyuki Sasaki
1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokushima, Minamijyosajimacho-2, Tokushima, 770-8506 Japan.
Background:
Gc protein is the precursor for Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF), with three phenotypes: Gc1f, Gc1s and Gc2, based on its electrophoretic mobility. The difference in electrophoretic mobility is because of the difference in its posttranslational sugar moiety composition.
Materials And Methods:
We compared the difference between Gc protein and GcMAF electrophoretic mobility using the isoelectric focusing (IEF) method. The tumoricidal activity of GcMAF-treated macrophage was evaluated after coculture with L-929 cell. The tumoricidal mechanism was investigated using TNF bioassay and nitric oxide (NO) release.
Results:
The difference in Gc protein and GcMAF electrophoretic mobility was detected. The tumoricidal activity of GcMAF-treated macrophage was detected, but no release of TNF and NO was detected.
Conclusion:
The difference of isoelectric focusing mobility in Gc protein and GcMAF would be useful to develop a GcMAF detection method. GcMAF increased macrophage tumoricidal activity but TNF and NO release were not involved in the mechanism.
