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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Enhanced Rabies Surveillance Using a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test
Published on: April 30, 2019
A novel technique to eliminate cross-contamination when making wells on slides for rabies diagnosis
Anna J Wong1, Denny G Constantine, Oscar Armstrong
1California Department of Health Services, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Viral & Rickettsial Diseases Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, 2nd Floor, Richmond, CA 94804, USA. awong@dhs.ca.gov
Abstract:
The direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) rabies diagnostic test requires demarcating desirable areas of brain tissue slip smear slides to be stained, traditionally achieved by applying paint from a tech pen or using a wax pencil to form a circle or dam-like ring or well into which rabies conjugate is expelled. Unfortunately, using these instruments poses a possibility of cross-contamination by transfer via the pen or pencil tip of rabies antigen from one slide to another. A new method was developed to avoid cross-contamination. The open end of a disposable glass test tube, dipped into a shallow reservoir of nail polish, was used to apply a dam-like ring about the slip smear area to be stained, after which the test tube was discarded, thereby precluding tissue transfer.

