Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
06:02

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens

Published on: April 18, 2013

Epidemiology of contrast-induced nephropathy

Peter A McCullough1, Keisha R Sandberg

  • 1Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology, Nutrition, and Preventive Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|December 12, 2003
PubMed

Insights

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a significant risk following contrast procedures, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease. Early identification and preventive strategies are crucial due to its adverse prognostic impact and associated mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Decreased renal function is a key adverse prognostic factor post-contrast exposure.
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 face the highest risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).
  • Additional risk factors for CIN include diabetes, proteinuria, volume depletion, heart failure, and intraprocedural complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the prognostic significance of renal function decline after contrast procedures.
  • To identify key risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).
  • To emphasize the predictability and preventive opportunities for CIN.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on contrast exposure and renal function.
  • Analysis of risk factors associated with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).
  • Evaluation of the incidence and outcomes of CIN.

Main Results:

  • CIN occurs in ~15% of radiocontrast procedures, with <1% requiring dialysis.
  • CIN is linked to increased hospitalization, costs, and long-term morbidity.
  • Dialysis-dependent CIN carries a 30% in-hospital and 80% 2-year mortality.

Conclusions:

  • CIN is a predictable complication of contrast procedures, particularly in patients with compromised renal function.
  • Preventive strategies for CIN are essential given the increasing number of worldwide contrast procedures.
  • Managing CIN risk factors can mitigate adverse outcomes and improve patient prognosis.

More Related Videos

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview01:28

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...