[Bladder dysfunction due to rare neurological disorders]

Diseases or lesions of the central or peripheral nervous system involving the innervation of the lower urinary tract lead to neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Results are typical changes in storage and voiding function of the bladder according to pathophysiological and urodynamical criteria. In case of neurological disorders the neurological symptoms are not always the leading ones. The differential diagnosis of correlating bladder dysfunction is often difficult and special pathophysiological knowledge is necessary. Etiological factors are congenital, degenerative, vascular, inflammatory and immunological processes or tumour-specific changes of the nervous system. In many cases urodynamic evaluation and early interdisciplinary cooperation is necessary for special differentiation and diagnosis, especially of those diseases which rarely lead to initial bladder symptoms. The "nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder" or "Hinman-Syndrom" is well known in the literature but shouldn't be diagnosed until possible neurological reasons are excluded by modern diagnostic tools with newest imaging techniques.