Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization into an M2-Like Phenotype using a Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Leukemia Cell Line
06:38

Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization into an M2-Like Phenotype using a Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Leukemia Cell Line

Published on: August 2, 2021

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor δ is required for the differentiation of THP-1 monocytic cells by

Helen Vosper1, Guennadi A Khoudoli1,2, Colin Na Palmer1

  • 1Biomedical Research Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee. DD1 9SY, UK.

Nuclear Receptor
|December 13, 2003
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) is crucial for phorbol ester-induced macrophage differentiation. Modulating PPARδ levels affects THP-1 cell differentiation, highlighting its role in inflammatory responses.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) is known to promote lipid accumulation in macrophages and influence their response to very-low-density lipoprotein (vLDL).
  • The role of PPARδ in phorbol ester (PMA)-stimulated macrophage differentiation requires further investigation.
  • The THP-1 monocytic cell line serves as a model for studying macrophage differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PPARδ in PMA-stimulated macrophage differentiation.
  • To determine how manipulating PPARδ expression affects the differentiation process in THP-1 cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the THP-1 monocytic cell line as a model system.
  • Employed a potent synthetic PPARδ agonist, compound F, to manipulate cellular responses.
  • Generated THP-1 sub-lines with either PPARδ overexpression or PPARδ anti-sense RNA expression to modulate PPARδ levels.
  • Assessed the effects of these genetic modifications on PMA-induced differentiation.

Main Results:

  • The PPARδ agonist (compound F) stimulated differentiation at sub-nanomolar phorbol ester concentrations.
  • Compound F synergistically induced differentiation markers, including CD68 and IL8, with phorbol ester.
  • Overexpression of PPARδ sensitized THP-1 cells to phorbol ester, while anti-sense RNA inhibition abolished this response.

Conclusions:

  • PPARδ plays a fundamental role in mediating phorbol ester's effects on macrophage differentiation.
  • These findings support evidence from mouse knockout models implicating PPARδ in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells07:22

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

Published on: March 28, 2013

Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation08:21

Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation

Published on: April 29, 2015

Related Concept Videos

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...