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Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
Published on: March 7, 2019
Effect of response scales on self-reported exercise frequency
Kerry S Courneya1, Lee W Jones, Ryan E Rhodes
1Faculty of Physical Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. kerry.courneya@ualberta.ca
Objectives:
To determine the effects of 5 different numerical response scales--continuous-open, dichotomous-yes/no, and continuous-closed numerical (CCN) with 3 different ranges of response frequencies (low, medium, high)--on the proportion of respondents defined as regular exercisers.
Methods:
We randomly assigned 500 undergraduate students to complete 1 of the 5 numerical response scales.
Results:
The percentage of participants defined as regular exercisers ranged from 14% in the CCN low-frequency group to 45% in the CCN high-frequency group [chi2 (4, 500) = 28.90; P<.001].
Conclusions:
The different numerical response scales have a significant impact on the estimated percentage of regular exercisers.
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