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Lifestyle issues and genitourinary tumours.
Frank Sommer1, Theo Klotz, Bernd J Schmitz-Dräger
1Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie der Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50931 Köln, Germany. Frank.Sommer@uni-koeln.de
World Journal of Urology
|December 16, 2003
Summary
Lifestyle factors like physical activity and smoking significantly impact urological cancer risk. While exercise may prevent prostate cancer, smoking increases bladder cancer risk, highlighting potential for tumor prevention through lifestyle assessment.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Lifestyle factors are increasingly recognized for their role in urological malignancies.
- Physical activity, alcohol, smoking, and artificial sweeteners are key areas of investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To survey the impact of various lifestyle factors on the risk of developing urological cancers.
- To identify modifiable risk factors for urological tumor prevention.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiological studies and cohort studies.
- Analysis of the association between specific lifestyle factors and cancer incidence/mortality.
Main Results:
- Physical activity shows a preventive effect, particularly for prostate cancer.
- Smoking is strongly linked to increased incidence and mortality of bladder cancer and kidney cancer.
- Alcohol consumption shows mixed results, with some studies suggesting a moderate risk for prostate and bladder cancers, and potential protection for renal cancer in women.
- Artificial sweeteners have not been convincingly linked to a statistically significant risk of bladder cancer.
Conclusions:
- Individual assessment of lifestyle factors can identify at-risk groups for urological malignancies.
- Lifestyle modifications offer a significant potential for urological tumor prevention.