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Targeted sampling protocol as prelude to bacterial source tracking with Enterococcus faecalis.

Robin L Kuntz1, Peter G Hartel, Dominique G Godfrey

  • 1Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 3111 Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7272, USA.

Journal of Environmental Quality
|December 17, 2003
PubMed
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Targeted sampling for bacterial source tracking (BST) effectively identified fecal contamination from a wastewater treatment facility in the Sapelo River. This method minimizes bacterial subspecies changes, eliminating the need for extensive host origin databases.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Water quality assessment
  • Bacterial source tracking

Background:

  • Bacterial source tracking (BST) requires comprehensive host origin databases due to geographic and temporal variations in bacterial subspecies.
  • A targeted sampling protocol was developed to mitigate these variations before conducting BST.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess fecal contamination in the Sapelo River, Georgia, and identify its source.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a targeted sampling protocol as a prelude to BST.

Main Methods:

  • General and targeted water sampling in the Sapelo River and a nearby wastewater lagoon.
  • Identification of fecal indicator bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis.
  • Bacterial source tracking using Ribotyping with the RiboPrinter system.

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Main Results:

  • Fecal enterococcal counts varied significantly, with some sites showing high levels.
  • Thirty-seven distinct ribotypes of Enterococcus faecalis were identified among 83 isolates.
  • Five shared ribotypes (14% of types, 47% of isolates) linked river contamination to the wastewater treatment facility.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted sampling effectively minimized bacterial subspecies variability, simplifying BST.
  • The study strongly suggests the wastewater treatment facility was the source of fecal contamination in the Sapelo River.
  • The developed protocol reduces the need for large, permanent host origin databases for BST in localized areas.