Protective effect of diallyl sulfide on oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats

Gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic whose clinical use is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Experimental evidences suggest a role of reactive oxygen species in GM-induced nephrotoxicity. In this work we explored the effect of diallyl sulfide (DAS), a garlic-derived compound with antioxidant properties, on GM-induced nephrotoxicity. Four groups of rats were studied: (1) Control, treated intragastrically with olive oil as a vehicle, (2) GM, treated subcutaneously with GM (125 mg/kg/day for 4 days), (3) DAS, treated intragastrically with DAS (50 mg/kg/day for 4 days), and (4) GM + DAS. Nephrotoxicity was made evident by: (1) the increase in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in serum, (2) the increase in urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and total protein, and (3) necrosis of proximal tubular cells. These functional and structural alterations were prevented or ameliorated by DAS treatment. In addition, GM increased levels of renal oxidative stress markers nitrotyrosine and protein carbonyl groups which were also ameliorated by DAS in GM + DAS group. The mechanism by which DAS has a protective effect on GM-induced nephrotoxicity may be related, at least in part, to the decrease in oxidative stress in renal cortex.